Rome LO1

Key terms:
1. Augustus Caesar- Managed to turn military rule into a workable system of government by one man.(Commander.)
2. Patricians- Upper class citizens who belong to the oldest noblest Roman families.
3. Republic- In reference to ancient Rome, the system of city-state government in which decision- making power was shared between the senate and assemblies of male citizens.
4. Plebeians- The Roman common people, including workers, small farmers, and wealthy people who were not patricians.
5. Senate- In ancient Rome, a government assembly appointed by the king, under the republic by the consults; originally all members were patricians, but in time wealthy plebeians were appointed as well.
6. Consuls- In the Roman Republic, two senators who led the government and military for one-year terms and appointed their own successors.
7 . Dictator- In the Roman Republic, a single leader with full decision-making powers, appointed for a maximum six months term during times of emergency.
8. Tribunes- Magistrates elected by the plebeians, who eventually gained the power to initiate and veto laws.
9. Client- A person who provides personal service in return for money and protection from a patron,
10. Patron- A wealthy person who supports others with money and protection is exchange for personal services.
11. Pontiff- In ancient Rome, on of the republic's leading priests.
12. Paterfamilias- The "family father" in ancient Rome, who had unlimited power over his household.
13. Matron- Title of honor given to a married women in ancient Rome.
_________________________________________________________________________________
Notes:

• The rise of Rome began as a continuation of Greece's early west-ward expansion through the Mediterranean Sea, which brought the Greek model of civilization to the peoples of Italy during the early eighth century B.C.
• Romans imitated Greek civilization, but improved it at the same time. (government/welfare)
• They arrived in the Mediterranean land with farming resources similar to those of Greece or Palestine, but could feed a larger amount of people, and in time larger armies. 
• Indo-European settlers formed various tribal groups, among them the Latin people of central Italy.
• Latins settled near the Tiber River and built dwellings.
• Romans borrowed directly from the Greeks. 
• Greek city-states began to build colonies in southern Italy as they expanded.
• Around 500 B.C- Rome overthrew its Etruscan leaders, and the monarchy was also abolished.
• The government of the Roman society became officially the "people's business."
• That was mostly run by the senate in early times.
• Consuls wielding government power that had formerly belong to the kings.
• Mixed government in Rome- Athenian democracy and Spartan oligarchy. 
• 250 B.C- differences between the two groups no longer much mattered in politics and government. 
• Separation of power in the U.S Constitution derives ultimately from the checks and balances between different branches of government in the Roman city-state.
• Romans shared values mostly with the Greek city-states.
• included the belief that it was the right duty of the men of the community to fight in wars, and share in its government. 
• Women needed guardians for all legal transactions. 
• Roman men first belonged to their family and a clan.
• Roman revered their power of fatherhood not only in family life but also in the community life of their city-state. 
• Vesta- the goddess of hearth and home.
• in a home, the fire in a hearth was sacred to Vesta, and only put out if the family moved. 
• Motherhood too was revered in Rome.
•